一、化工流程的「血管開關」：少了它寸步難行

　　1、 The 'vascular switch' of chemical processes: Without it, it is difficult to move forward

　　想象化工廠的管道系統像人體血管，閥門就是控制血流的「開關」—— 沒了它，原料無法精準輸送，反應釜會像過載的心臟一樣危險。某煉油廠曾因閥門故障導致苯管道泄漏，整個車間緊急關停 48 小時，損失堪比「血管堵塞」的急救成本。而合格的閥門就像經驗豐富的交警，讓化工流體在管道里乖乖「遵守交通規則」。

　　Imagine the piping system of a chemical plant being like human blood vessels, with valves serving as the "switches" that control blood flow - without them, raw materials cannot be accurately transported, and the reactor would be as dangerous as an overloaded heart. A certain refinery once experienced a benzene pipeline leak due to valve failure, resulting in an emergency shutdown of the entire workshop for 48 hours, with losses comparable to the cost of emergency treatment for "blood vessel blockage". And qualified valves are like experienced traffic police, making chemical fluids obediently follow traffic rules in pipelines.

　　二、三大類閥門的「專屬技能」：各管一攤「流體 traffic」

　　2、 Exclusive skills for three major types of valves: each pipe has its own 'fluid traffic'

　　1. 閘閥：大管徑的「大門守衛」

　　1. Gate valve: a large diameter "gate guard"

　　應用場景：像倉庫大門，適合全開全關控制，某乙烯裝置用 DN300 閘閥，一次開關能輸送 50 噸原料；

　　Application scenarios: For example, warehouse gates are suitable for fully open and fully closed control. A certain ethylene plant uses DN300 gate valves, which can transport 50 tons of raw materials with one switch;

　　硬核設計：閥板與閥座貼合度達 0.01mm，某天然氣處理廠的閘閥，關死后泄漏量比針孔還小。

　　Hard core design: The fit between the valve plate and the valve seat reaches 0.01mm. The gate valve of a certain natural gas processing plant has a leakage rate smaller than a pinhole after being closed.

　　2. 球閥：快速切斷的「急剎車」

　　2. Ball valve: quick cut-off "emergency brake"

　　秒級響應：旋轉 90 度就能關斷，某農藥車間的球閥，在檢測到泄漏時 3 秒內切斷管路，比人工快 10 倍；

　　Second level response: It can be turned off by rotating 90 degrees. The ball valve in a pesticide workshop cuts off the pipeline within 3 seconds when a leak is detected, which is 10 times faster than manual operation;

　　耐磨絕技：密封面堆焊碳化鎢，某磷肥廠的球閥用了 8 年，開關 10 萬次仍不漏氣。

　　Wear resistant skill: Welding tungsten carbide on the sealing surface. The ball valve of a certain phosphate fertilizer factory has been used for 8 years and has been opened and closed 100000 times without leakage.

　　3. 蝶閥：流量調節的「水龍頭」

　　3. Butterfly valve: a "faucet" for flow regulation

　　精準控流：閥板旋轉角度決定流量，某染料廠用蝶閥調節酸堿液，配比精度達 ±1%；

　　Accurate flow control: The rotation angle of the valve plate determines the flow rate. A certain dye factory uses butterfly valves to regulate the acid-base solution, with a ratio accuracy of ± 1%;

　　省空間設計：閥體厚度僅為閘閥的 1/3，某緊湊型化工裝置用蝶閥，管道布局節省 40% 空間。

　　Space saving design: The valve body thickness is only one-third of that of a gate valve, and a butterfly valve is used in a compact chemical plant, saving 40% space in pipeline layout.

　　三、化工特殊環境的「定制閥門」：抗毒抗高壓的「特種部隊」

　　3、 Customized valves for chemical special environments: special forces for anti toxicity and anti high pressure

　　1. 防腐閥門：強酸強堿中的「鋼鐵俠」

　　1. Anti corrosion valve: Iron Man in strong acid and alkali

　　鈦合金盔甲：某制藥廠用鈦閥輸送濃硝酸，5 年沒出現點蝕，而普通不銹鋼閥 3 個月就穿洞；

　　Titanium alloy armor: A pharmaceutical factory uses titanium valves to transport concentrated nitric acid, and there has been no pitting corrosion for 5 years, while ordinary stainless steel valves can penetrate holes in 3 months;

　　氟塑料內襯：某農藥車間的襯氟球閥，接觸百草枯原液后，內壁依然光滑如鏡。

　　Fluoroplastic lining: The fluorine lined ball valve in a certain pesticide workshop, even after coming into contact with paraquat solution, still has a smooth inner wall like a mirror.

　　2. 高壓閥門：超 100 倍大氣壓的「抗壓冠軍」

　　2. High pressure valve: the "champion of pressure resistance" with over 100 times atmospheric pressure

　　鍛造閥體：某加氫裝置的閥門能扛 10MPa 壓力（相當于 1000 米深海壓強），某煉油廠用它處理催化裂化原料；

　　Forged valve body: The valve of a certain hydrogenation unit can withstand a pressure of 10MPa (equivalent to a deep-sea pressure of 1000 meters), which is used by a certain refinery to process catalytic cracking raw materials;

　　自緊式密封：壓力越高密封越緊，某煤化工項目的高壓閥，運行 10 年沒出現過泄漏。

　　Self tightening seal: The higher the pressure, the tighter the seal. The high-pressure valve of a certain coal chemical project has been running for 10 years without any leakage.

　　3. 高溫閥門：1000℃下的「耐火戰士」

　　3. High temperature valve: "Fire Warrior" at 1000 ℃

　　陶瓷涂層：某裂解爐前的閥門耐 1200℃高溫，閥桿氧化速度比普通鋼慢 20 倍；

　　Ceramic coating: The valve in front of a certain cracking furnace can withstand high temperatures of 1200 ℃, and the oxidation rate of the valve stem is 20 times slower than that of ordinary steel;

　　散熱鰭片：閥體帶散熱片，某合成氨裝置的高溫閥，表面溫度從 500℃降到 80℃，避免燙傷工人。

　　Heat dissipation fins: The valve body is equipped with heat dissipation fins, and the surface temperature of a high-temperature valve in a synthetic ammonia plant is reduced from 500 ℃ to 80 ℃ to avoid scalding workers.

　　四、閥門選型避坑：這 3 點選錯 = 埋雷

　　4、 Valve selection to avoid pitfalls: Choosing the wrong 3 points=burying mines

　　介質兼容性：輸送鹽酸不能用鑄鐵閥，某化工廠錯用鑄鐵閘閥，3 天就被腐蝕穿，相當于「用紙杯裝硫酸」；

　　Media compatibility: Cast iron valves cannot be used for transporting hydrochloric acid. A certain chemical plant mistakenly used cast iron gate valves, which were corroded and penetrated within 3 days, equivalent to "putting sulfuric acid in paper cups";

　　壓力等級：蒸汽管道要用 PN16 以上閥門，某食品廠用 PN10 閥，蒸汽泄漏導致殺菌釜溫度不夠；

　　Pressure rating: Valves with PN16 or higher are required for steam pipelines, and a certain food factory uses PN10 valves. Steam leakage causes insufficient temperature in the sterilization kettle;

　　密封形式：易燃易爆介質必須用波紋管密封，某溶劑車間沒選波紋管閥，一次泄漏引發閃爆。

　　Sealing form: Flammable and explosive media must be sealed with corrugated pipes. A certain solvent workshop did not choose a corrugated pipe valve, which caused a flash explosion due to a single leak.

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